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In depth
AIRE (Anagrafe degli Italiani Residenti all'Estero) is the registry of Italian citizens living abroad, maintained by each Italian consulate. Registration in AIRE is mandatory for Italian citizens who reside outside Italy for more than 12 months.
After Italian citizenship is recognized (whether by consular filing or 1948 judicial sentence), the applicant must register in AIRE at the Italian consulate of their jurisdiction. AIRE registration is required to vote in Italian elections, access Italian consular services, and apply for an Italian passport.
AIRE registration also affects Italian tax residency — AIRE-registered Italians are generally not considered Italian tax residents unless they have significant Italian-source income.
Related terms
A comune is an Italian municipality — the basic unit of local government. There are 7,900+ comuni in Italy, each with its own anagrafe (civil registry).
The anagrafe is the Italian civil registry office that maintains records of residents, births, marriages, and deaths in each Italian commune (municipality).
Jure sanguinis (Italian for 'right of blood') is the Italian citizenship-by-descent regime, which has no generational limit and is the most accessible CBD regime in Europe.
A 1948 case is a judicial petition for Italian citizenship filed in the civil court of Rome, available to descendants of Italian women who gave birth before January 1, 1948.
An atto di nascita is an Italian birth certificate, retrieved from the anagrafe (civil registry) of the commune where the person was born.
Stato civile (civil status) refers to the Italian system of civil registration of births, marriages, and deaths, maintained by the anagrafe in each commune.