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132 pillar guides
Pillar guides that cluster everything we know about each country's citizenship-by-descent program — eligibility, rules, documents, process, cost, comparisons, and glossary terms — in one definitive resource per topic.
132 guides shown
The complete guide to Italian citizenship by descent (jure sanguinis): eligibility, 1948 cases, document checklist, consular filing, timeline, cost, and FAQs. Covers all paths with no generational limit.
The complete guide to Irish citizenship by descent: Foreign Births Register, grandparent rule, GRO records, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
The complete guide to Polish citizenship by descent: no generational limit, pre-war archive research, confirmation process, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
The complete guide to German citizenship by descent: Article 116 restitution, StAG §15, 2021 reform, Bundesarchiv research, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
The complete guide to Spanish citizenship by descent: Ley de Memoria Democrática (2022), standard grandparent rule, Sephardic path, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
The complete guide to Portuguese citizenship by descent: standard descent, Sephardic path, community certification, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
The complete guide to Mexican citizenship by descent: grandparent rule, SRE filing, Registro Civil records, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
The complete guide to Brazilian citizenship by descent: filiação, no generational limit, cartório registration, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
The complete guide to Canadian citizenship by descent: Bill C-71 (2025), substantial connection test, Lost Canadian reinstatement, IRCC filing, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
The complete guide to EU citizenship by descent across all 27 member states: Italy, Ireland, Poland, Germany, Spain, Portugal, and 21 more. Generational limits, filing paths, EU freedom of movement, and how to choose.
Complete guide to Austria citizenship by descent: Österreichische Staatsbürgerschaft — descent, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Belgium citizenship by descent: Belgian nationality — descent (Code de la nationalité), eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Bulgaria citizenship by descent: Българско гражданство — по произход, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Croatia citizenship by descent: Hrvatsko državljanstvo — po podrijetlu, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Cyprus citizenship by descent: Κυπριακή υπηκοότητα — descent, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Czech Republic citizenship by descent: České občanství — derivation, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Denmark citizenship by descent: Dansk indfødsret — descent, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Estonia citizenship by descent: Eesti kodakondsus — päritolu, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Finland citizenship by descent: Suomen kansalaisuus — syntyperä, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to France citizenship by descent: Nationalité française — filiation, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Germany citizenship by descent: Article 116 GG · StAG §15 restitution, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Greece citizenship by descent: Ελληνική ιθαγένεια — descent, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Hungary citizenship by descent: Magyar állampolgárság — simplified naturalization, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Ireland citizenship by descent: Foreign Births Register — grandparent rule, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Italy citizenship by descent: Jure sanguinis — no generational limit, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Latvia citizenship by descent: Latvijas pilsonība — izcelsme, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Lithuania citizenship by descent: Lietuvos pilietybė — kilmė, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Luxembourg citizenship by descent: Nationalité luxembourgeoise — descent, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Malta citizenship by descent: Maltese citizenship — descent, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Netherlands citizenship by descent: Nederlandse nationaliteit — afstamming, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Poland citizenship by descent: Confirmation of Polish citizenship, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Portugal citizenship by descent: Nacionalidade portuguesa — Sephardic & descent, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Romania citizenship by descent: Cetățenia română — descendenți, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Slovakia citizenship by descent: Slovenské občianstvo — pôvod, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Slovenia citizenship by descent: Slovensko državljanstvo — poreklo, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Spain citizenship by descent: Ley de Memoria Democrática · descent, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Sweden citizenship by descent: Svenskt medborgarskap — härstamning, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Albania citizenship by descent: Shtetësia shqiptare — descent, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Armenia citizenship by descent: Հայոց քաղաքացիություն — descent, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Australia citizenship by descent: Australian Citizenship Act — descent, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Belarus citizenship by descent: Грамадзянство Беларусі — паходжанне, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Bosnia & Herzegovina citizenship by descent: Državljanstvo Bosne i Hercegovine — porijeklo, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Georgia citizenship by descent: საქართველოს მოქალაქეობა — წარმოშობა, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Iceland citizenship by descent: Íslenskt ríkisfang — ætt, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Kosovo citizenship by descent: Shtetësia e Kosovës — prejardhja, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Moldova citizenship by descent: Cetățenia Republicii Moldova — origine, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Montenegro citizenship by descent: Crnogorsko državljanstvo — porijeklo, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to New Zealand citizenship by descent: New Zealand Citizenship Act — descent, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to North Macedonia citizenship by descent: Државјанство — потекло, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Norway citizenship by descent: Norsk statsborgerskap — nedstamming, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Russia citizenship by descent: Гражданство РФ — по рождению, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Serbia citizenship by descent: Državljanstvo Srbije — poreklo, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Switzerland citizenship by descent: Schweizer Bürgerrecht — Abstammung, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Turkey citizenship by descent: Türk vatandaşlığı — soy bağı, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Ukraine citizenship by descent: Громадянство України — за походженням, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to United Kingdom citizenship by descent: British Nationality Act — descent & double descent, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Argentina citizenship by descent: Nacionalidad por opción, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Belize citizenship by descent: Belizean nationality — descent, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Bolivia citizenship by descent: Nacionalidad por descendencia, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Brazil citizenship by descent: Nacionalidade por filiação, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Chile citizenship by descent: Nacionalidad por descendencia, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Colombia citizenship by descent: Doble nacionalidad por sangre, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Costa Rica citizenship by descent: Nacionalidad por descendencia, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Cuba citizenship by descent: Nacionalidad por nacimiento y descendencia, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Dominican Republic citizenship by descent: Nacionalidad por descendencia, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Ecuador citizenship by descent: Nacionalidad por descendencia, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to El Salvador citizenship by descent: Nacionalidad por descendencia, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Guatemala citizenship by descent: Nacionalidad por descendencia, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Honduras citizenship by descent: Nacionalidad por descendencia, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Mexico citizenship by descent: Nacionalidad por descendencia, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Nicaragua citizenship by descent: Nacionalidad por descendencia, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Panama citizenship by descent: Nacionalidad por descendencia, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Paraguay citizenship by descent: Nacionalidad por descendencia, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Peru citizenship by descent: Nacionalidad por descendencia, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Puerto Rico citizenship by descent: US citizenship via Jones-Shafroth Act · descent, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Uruguay citizenship by descent: Nacionalidad por descendencia, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Venezuela citizenship by descent: Nacionalidad por descendencia, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Canada citizenship by descent: Citizenship Act §3(1)(b) · Bill C-71, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Canada (Lost Canadian) citizenship by descent: Reinstatement · retroactive grants, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Algeria citizenship by descent: Nationalité algérienne — filiation, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Angola citizenship by descent: Nacionalidade angolana — filiação, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Cameroon citizenship by descent: Nationalité camerounaise — filiation, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to DR Congo citizenship by descent: Nationalité congolaise — filiation, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Côte d'Ivoire citizenship by descent: Nationalité ivoirienne — filiation, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Ethiopia citizenship by descent: Citizenship by descent, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Ghana citizenship by descent: Citizenship by birth & descent, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Kenya citizenship by descent: Citizenship by descent, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Libya citizenship by descent: Nationality by descent, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Madagascar citizenship by descent: Nationalité malgache — filiation, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Morocco citizenship by descent: Nationalité marocaine — filiation, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Mozambique citizenship by descent: Nacionalidade moçambicana — filiação, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Nigeria citizenship by descent: Citizenship by birth & descent, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Senegal citizenship by descent: Nationalité sénégalaise — filiation, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to South Africa citizenship by descent: Citizenship Act — descent & naturalization, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Sudan citizenship by descent: Nationality by descent, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Tanzania citizenship by descent: Citizenship by descent, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Tunisia citizenship by descent: Nationalité tunisienne — filiation, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Uganda citizenship by descent: Citizenship by descent, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Zimbabwe citizenship by descent: Citizenship by descent, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Afghanistan citizenship by descent: Tabeiyat by descent, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Bahrain citizenship by descent: Bahraini nationality — descent (paternal), eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Egypt citizenship by descent: Nationality by descent, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Iran citizenship by descent: Tabeiyat by descent (paternal), eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Iraq citizenship by descent: Citizenship by descent, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Israel citizenship by descent: Law of Return · descent, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Jordan citizenship by descent: Citizenship by descent, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Kuwait citizenship by descent: Kuwaiti nationality — descent (paternal), eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Lebanon citizenship by descent: Citizenship by descent (paternal), eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Oman citizenship by descent: Omani nationality — descent (paternal, conditional grandparent exception), eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Qatar citizenship by descent: Qatari nationality — descent (paternal), eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Saudi Arabia citizenship by descent: Citizenship by descent (restricted), eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Syria citizenship by descent: Citizenship by descent (paternal), eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to UAE citizenship by descent: UAE citizenship — descent (paternal), eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Bangladesh citizenship by descent: Citizenship by descent, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Cambodia citizenship by descent: Citizenship by descent, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to China citizenship by descent: Citizenship by descent (restrictive), eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to India citizenship by descent: OCI · PIO · descent registration, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Indonesia citizenship by descent: Citizenship by descent (limited dual), eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Japan citizenship by descent: Nationality by birth & notification, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Kazakhstan citizenship by descent: Citizenship by descent, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to South Korea citizenship by descent: Special Naturalization · descent, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Malaysia citizenship by descent: Citizenship by descent, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Mongolia citizenship by descent: Citizenship by descent, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Myanmar (Burma) citizenship by descent: Citizenship by descent, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Nepal citizenship by descent: Citizenship by descent, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Pakistan citizenship by descent: Citizenship by descent, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Philippines citizenship by descent: Citizenship by descent (RA 9225), eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Singapore citizenship by descent: Citizenship by descent, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Sri Lanka citizenship by descent: Citizenship by descent, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Taiwan citizenship by descent: Citizenship by descent · household registration, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Thailand citizenship by descent: Citizenship by descent, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.
Complete guide to Vietnam citizenship by descent: Citizenship by descent, eligibility, generational limits, dual citizenship, document checklist, timeline, cost, and FAQs.