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In depth
The DNI (Documento Nacional de Identidad, National Identity Document) is the national identity card issued by Spain and several Latin American countries (Argentina, Peru, Dominican Republic, and others). It serves as proof of citizenship and is required for most government transactions.
For CBD cases, the DNI is issued after citizenship is recognized. The new citizen applies for the DNI at the relevant registry office (Registro Civil in Spain, RENIEC in Peru, JCE in the Dominican Republic, etc.).
Spanish DNIs are issued by the National Police (Policía Nacional) and are required for all Spanish citizens over 14. The DNI number is used as the primary personal identifier in Spain.
Related terms
The Registro Civil is the civil registry in Spain and Latin American countries that maintains records of births, marriages, and deaths.
Filiação is the Brazilian legal concept of filiation (parent-child relationship), which is the basis of Brazilian citizenship by descent.
A cartório is a Brazilian notary public office that maintains civil registry records and processes citizenship registrations.
The SRE (Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores) is the Mexican foreign ministry that processes Mexican citizenship by descent applications.
The Cámara Nacional Electoral is the Argentine federal court that processes certain Argentine citizenship by descent cases (judicial route).
RENIEC (Registro Nacional de Identificación y Estado Civil) is the Peruvian national registry that processes Peruvian citizenship by descent applications.